https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34787 Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:18:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47156 Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes from the United States NASEM was accepted as reflective of evidence to mid-2017. A search for papers subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted in August 2018. A small number of robust and important papers published until March 2019 were also identified and included. Groups identified studies that extended, modified or contradicted the NASEM report. A total of 3793 papers were identified and reviewed, with summaries and draft position statements developed and presented to TSANZ membership in April 2019. After feedback from members and external reviewers, a collection of position statements was finalized in December 2019. EC have adverse lung effects and harmful effects of long-term use are unknown. EC are unsuitable consumer products for recreational use, part-substitution for smoking or long-term exclusive use by former smokers. Smokers who require support to quit smoking should be directed towards approved medication in conjunction with behavioural support as having the strongest evidence for efficacy and safety. No specific EC product can be recommended as effective and safe for smoking cessation. Smoking cessation claims in relation to EC should be assessed by established regulators.]]> Wed 14 Dec 2022 15:34:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27569 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:56:33 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26090 Wed 02 Mar 2022 14:26:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37078 Tue 29 Sep 2020 11:48:51 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54560 Thu 29 Feb 2024 10:27:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36051 Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:04:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32992 Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and expression of genes involved in various inflammatory pathways was assessed. Result: NTHi induced production of large amounts of IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8 in adult-control BAL cells, ho wever BAL cells from PBB airways appeared refractory to NTHi stimulation. BAL cells from PBB and bronchiectasis showed differential expression of several genes relative to control cells, including CCL20, MARCO, CCL24, IL-10, PPAR-¿, CD200R, TREM2, RelB. Expression of genes involved in resolution of inflammation and anti-inflammation response, such as CD200R and IL-10, was associated with the number of pathogenic bacteria found in the airways. Conclusion: In summary, we have shown that the expression of genes related to macrophage function and resolution of inflammation are similar in PBB and bronchiectasis. Lung immune cell dysfunction in PBB and bronchiectasis may contribute to poor bacterial clearance and prolonged resolution of inflammation.]]> Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:03:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24324 Tropheryma whipplei and Haemophilus influenzae in sputum. Adults with neutrophilic asthma had reduced bacterial diversity and species richness. Tropheryma was identified and confirmed with real-time PCR in 12 (40%) participants. Haemophilus occurred most often in a group of younger atopic males with an increased proportion of neutrophils. PCR confirmed the presence of H. influenzae in 35 (76%) participants with poorly controlled asthma. There are phenotype-specific alterations to the airway microbiome in asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity combined with a high prevalence of H. influenzae was observed in neutrophilic asthma, whereas eosinophilic asthma had abundant T. whipplei.]]> Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:02:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41166 Thu 28 Jul 2022 09:55:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29360 Thu 27 Jan 2022 15:58:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24852 Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:28:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49306 Thu 11 May 2023 14:32:33 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47850 Thu 02 Feb 2023 16:46:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21345 n = 10), and patients with NEA (n = 22) or eosinophilic asthma (EA) (n = 15) using flow cytometry. Results: Granzyme B expression and the ratio of granzyme B to PI-9 positive cells were highest in those with NEA for both CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. The expression of granzyme B was not statistically different between patients with NEA and EA; however, the ratio of granzyme B to PI-9 positive cells for CD3+ T cells was significantly higher in those with NEA compared with EA. Conclusions: Induced sputum provides a non-invasive tool for investigating T cell cytotoxic mediators in the various asthma subtypes. Granzyme B expression is increased in NEA and the contribution of granzyme B to chronic inflammation requires further study.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32658 Mon 23 Sep 2019 11:23:10 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46104 adj = 9.6, 95% CI: 1.8–50.1) and the presence of Haemophilus influenzae in the BAL (OR_adj = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.4–19.1). Clinician-diagnosed asthma at final follow-up was present in 27.1% of children with PBB. A significant BDR (FEV₁ improvement >12%) was obtained in 63.5% of the children who underwent reversibility testing. Positive allergen-specific IgE (OR_adj = 14.8, 95% CI: 2.2–100.8) at baseline and bronchomalacia (OR_adj = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.2–29.7) were significant predictors of asthma diagnosis. Spirometry parameters were in the normal range. Conclusion: As a significant proportion of children with PBB have ongoing symptoms at 5 years, and outcomes include bronchiectasis and asthma, they should be carefully followed up clinically. Defining biomarkers, endotypes and mechanistic studies elucidating the different outcomes are now required.]]> Mon 21 Nov 2022 09:17:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32993 Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The mechanisms responsible for IL-1-driven inflammation in PBB are poorly understood. We hypothesised that the inflammation in PBB involves the NLRP3 and/or AIM2 inflammasome/IL-1ß axis. Lung macrophages obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with PBB and age-matched healthy controls were cultured in control medium or exposed to live NTHi. In healthy adult PBMCs, CD14⁺ monocytes contributed to 95% of total IL-1ß-producing cells upon NTHi stimulation. Stimulation of PBB PBMCs with NTHi significantly increased IL-1ß expression (p<0.001), but decreased NLRC4 expression (p<0.01). NTHi induced IL-1ß secretion in PBMCs from both healthy controls and patients with recurrent PBB. This was inhibited by Z-YVAD-FMK (a caspase-1 selective inhibitor) and by MCC950 (a NLRP3 selective inhibitor). In PBB BAL macrophages inflammasome complexes were visualised as fluorescence specks of NLRP3 or AIM2 colocalised with cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved IL-1ß. NTHi stimulation induced formation of specks of cleaved IL-1ß, NLRP3 and AIM2 in PBMCs, blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. We conclude that both the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes probably drive the IL-1ß-dominated inflammation in PBB.]]> Mon 08 Jul 2019 11:29:52 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35554 Prevotella species. Alpha diversity was unrelated to bacterial biomass, culture of recognized respiratory pathogens, or inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Neutrophilic inflammation in children with PBB was associated with multiple BAL microbiota profiles. Significant associations between inflammatory markers and bacterial biomass, but not alpha diversity, suggest that inflammation in children with PBB is not driven by single pathogenic species. Understanding the role of the entire respiratory microbiota in PBB pathogenesis may be important to determining whether bacteria other than the recognized pathogens contribute to disease recurrence and progression to bronchiectasis.]]> Fri 31 Jan 2020 16:15:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33089 Fri 24 Aug 2018 16:46:54 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46066 Fri 11 Nov 2022 14:45:17 AEDT ]]>